According to analysts, in the face of complex global and local challenges, African economies are navigating a demanding terrain. Persistent global and domestic pressures continue to hinder progress toward macroeconomic stability and societal well-being. Escalating living costs, driven by mounting inflation, are impeding sustained economic resurgence.
In 2022, Africa’s mean real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth decelerated to 3.8%, attributed to geopolitical tensions, climate change hazards, and the lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tightened global financial circumstances have exacerbated these challenges, amplifying domestic debt obligations.
Despite these external challenges, Africa exhibited remarkable resilience in 2022, with all but one nation achieving positive growth. Prospects remain stable for 2023 and 2024, with projected GDP growth of around 4%, surpassing global averages. The top five African economies are expected to achieve growth exceeding 5.5%, potentially reclaiming their status as the world’s fastest-growing economies.
However, optimism must be balanced with the anticipation of ongoing global financial restrictions, market instability, and supply chain disruptions. These factors could strain exchange rates, heighten debt vulnerabilities, and sustain elevated domestic inflation, particularly impacting food and energy security.
Challenges are expected to ease, and inflation is forecast to ease from its 2022 peak, dropping to 8.8% by 2024. The continent’s mean current account deficit and fiscal deficit are also expected to stabilize.
Nonetheless, the path forward is fraught with obstacles. Ongoing global financial restrictions, disruptions in supply chains due to Russia’s actions in Ukraine, and potential policy reversals in election-bound countries contribute to the intricate African economic landscape.